Coverage › CVE-2024-38475

CVE-2024-38475 Mapped Sigma

Apache HTTP Server Improper Escaping of Output Vulnerability

Vendor / product

Apache — HTTP Server

Description (CISA)

Apache HTTP Server contains an improper escaping of output vulnerability in mod_rewrite that allows an attacker to map URLs to filesystem locations that are permitted to be served by the server but are not intentionally/directly reachable by any URL, resulting in code execution or source code disclosure.

Added to KEV

2025-05-01

Due date

2025-05-22

Required action

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Known ransomware use

Unknown

CWE

CWE-116

CISA notes

This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. Please check with specific vendors for information on patching status. For more information, please see: https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38475

Elsewhere

cve.org · NVD · CISA KEV · JSON

ATT&CK techniques · CTID Mappings Explorer, ATT&CK 16.1, KEV snapshot 2025-07-28

4 mapping objects across 4 techniques. exploitation technique states how the vulnerability is exploited; primary and secondary impact state what exploitation achieves. They are different claims and are labelled as such.

Detection chain · ATT&CK Enterprise v19.2 detection strategies, analytics, log sources

T1005 Data from Local System primary impact

• DET0380 Detection of Local Data Collection Prior to Exfiltration
  AN1070 Windows

  Adversaries collecting local files via PowerShell, WMI, or direct file API calls often include recursive file listings, targeted file reads, and temporary file staging.

  WinEventLog:Security EventCode=4688 → DC0032 Process Creation

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=11 → DC0039 File Creation

  Tunable: TargetFilePathRegex ParentProcessFilter
  AN1071 Linux

  Adversaries using bash scripts or tools to recursively enumerate user home directories, config files, or SSH keys.

  auditd:SYSCALL open → DC0055 File Access

  auditd:SYSCALL execve → DC0032 Process Creation

  Tunable: TimeWindow ScriptToolName
  AN1072 macOS

  Adversary use of bash/zsh or AppleScript to locate files and exfil targets like user keychains or documents.

  macos:unifiedlog process:spawn → DC0032 Process Creation

  fs:fsusage read/write → DC0055 File Access

  Tunable: UserContext TargetVolume
  AN1073 Network Devices

  Collection of device configuration via CLI commands (e.g., show running-config, copy flash, more), often followed by TFTP/SCP transfers.

  networkdevice:cli command logging → DC0064 Command Execution

  Tunable: CommandScope AuthenticatedUserList
  AN1074 ESXi

  Adversaries accessing datastore or configuration files via vim-cmd, esxcli, or SCP to extract logs, VMs, or host configurations.

  esxis:vmkernel Datastore Access → DC0055 File Access

  esxi:hostd Command Execution → DC0064 Command Execution

  Tunable: AccessPathRegex InteractiveShellUsage

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1005 (14)

T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter primary impact

• DET0516 Behavioral Detection of Command and Scripting Interpreter Abuse
  AN1428 Windows

  Detects the execution of scripting or command interpreters (e.g., powershell.exe, cmd.exe, wscript.exe) outside expected administrative time windows or from abnormal user contexts, often followed by encoded/obfuscated arguments or secondary execution events.

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=1 → DC0032 Process Creation

  Tunable: CommandLinePattern ParentProcessName TimeWindow
  AN1429 Linux

  Detects use of shell interpreters (e.g., bash, sh, python, perl) initiated by users or processes not normally executing them, especially when chaining suspicious utilities like netcat, curl, or ssh.

  auditd:SYSCALL execve → DC0032 Process Creation

  Tunable: InterpreterName UserContext ExecutionChainLength
  AN1430 macOS

  Detects launch of command-line interpreters via Terminal, Automator, or hidden osascript, especially when parent process lineage deviates from user-initiated applications.

  macos:unifiedlog log stream --info --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS "exec"' → DC0032 Process Creation

  Tunable: LaunchAgentName ScriptName TerminalAppUsage
  AN1431 ESXi

  Detects use of 'esxcli system' or direct interpreter commands (e.g., busybox shell) invoked from SSH or host terminal unexpectedly.

  esxi:vobd shell session start → DC0064 Command Execution

  Tunable: ShellEnabledFlag SSHContext
  AN1432 Network Devices

  Identifies CLI interpreter access (e.g., Cisco IOS, Juniper JUNOS) via enable mode or scripting-capable sessions used by uncommon accounts or from unknown IPs.

  networkdevice:cli shell command → DC0064 Command Execution

  networkdevice:syslog authentication & authorization → DC0002 User Account Authentication

  Tunable: UserRole DeviceType

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1059 (95)

All 95 rules on the technique page →

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application exploitation technique

• DET0080 Exploit Public-Facing Application – multi-signal correlation (request → error → post-exploit process/egress)
  AN0219 Windows

  Adversary sends crafted HTTP/S (or other service) input to an Internet-facing app (IIS/ASP.NET, API, device portal). Chain: (1) abnormal request patterns to public endpoint → (2) elevated 4xx/5xx or unusual methods/paths → (3) server process (w3wp.exe/other service) spawns shell/LOLbins or loads non-standard modules → (4) optional outbound callback from the host/container.

  ApplicationLog:IIS IIS W3C logs in C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\W3SVC* (spikes in 5xx, RCE/SQLi/path traversal/JNDI patterns) → DC0038 Application Log Content

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=1 → DC0032 Process Creation

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=7 → DC0016 Module Load

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=3, 22 → DC0082 Network Connection Creation

  Tunable: PublicVIPs SuspiciousPatterns ErrorRateThreshold TimeWindow AllowedChildList
  AN0220 Linux

  Adversary exploits Apache/Nginx/app servers. Chain: (1) suspicious requests in access logs → (2) spike of 5xx or WAF blocks → (3) web server or interpreter (apache2/nginx/php-fpm/node/python) spawns /bin/sh, curl, wget, socat, or writes webshell → (4) outbound callback.

  ApplicationLog:WebServer /var/log/httpd/access_log, /var/log/apache2/access.log, /var/log/nginx/access.log with exploit indicators and burst errors → DC0038 Application Log Content

  auditd:SYSCALL execve → DC0032 Process Creation

  NSM:Flow HTTP payloads with SQLi/LFI/JNDI/deserialization indicators → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: WebProcList ChildToolList BurstThreshold TimeWindow
  AN0221 macOS

  Adversary targets macOS-hosted public services (e.g., nginx, node). Chain: suspicious inbound request → service crash/5xx → service spawns shell or writes file → new outbound connection.

  macos:unifiedlog App/web server logs ingested via unified logging or filebeat (nginx/apache/node). → DC0038 Application Log Content

  macos:unifiedlog exec events where web process starts a shell/tooling → DC0032 Process Creation

  NSM:Flow outbound egress from web host after suspicious request → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: ServiceList TimeWindow
  AN0222 Containers

  Adversary exploits containerized app via ingress or service. Chain: (1) suspicious request in ingress/app logs → (2) container process spawns a shell/exec/sidecar (kubectl exec/docker exec) → (3) egress to Internet or metadata service (169.254.169.254).

  ApplicationLog:Ingress Kubernetes NGINX/Envoy ingress controller logs with anomalous payloads and 5xx spikes → DC0038 Application Log Content

  docker:events Docker/Kubernetes audit of exec/attach (kubectl exec) or unexpected child processes inside container → DC0032 Process Creation

  NSM:Flow Requests towards cloud metadata or command & control from pod IPs → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: IngressNamespaces MetadataEndpoints TimeWindow
  AN0223 IaaS

  Adversary targets cloud-hosted public endpoints. Chain: (1) ALB/ELB/Cloud LB logs show exploit-like inputs or error spikes → (2) workload spawns shell or reaches metadata API → (3) egress to new external hosts.

  ALB:HTTPLogs AWS ALB/ELB/GCP/Azure Application Gateway HTTP logs with unusual methods, long URIs, serialized payloads, 4xx/5xx bursts → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  AWS:VPCFlowLogs VPC/NSG flow logs for pod/instance egress to Internet or metadata → DC0078 Network Traffic Flow

  Tunable: LBProjects ErrorBurst
  AN0224 ESXi

  Adversary exploits exposed OpenSLP on ESXi or vCenter public endpoints. Chain: inbound request pattern to mgmt service → hostd/vpxd error/crash/restart → unexpected process behavior or datastore access → outbound callback.

  esxi:hostd /var/log/hostd.log anomalies (faults, crashes, restarts) around inbound connections → DC0038 Application Log Content

  NSM:Flow Connections to TCP 427 (SLP) or vCenter web services from untrusted sources → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: MgmtCIDR TimeWindow
  AN0225 Network Devices

  Adversary exploits public admin services on routers/firewalls/switches. Chain: anomalous HTTP/SNMP/SmartInstall inputs → device syslog errors/restarts → config changes/CLI spawn → egress to attacker C2.

  networkdevice:controlplane Syslog from edge devices with HTTP 500s on mgmt portal, SmartInstall events, unexpected CLI commands → DC0038 Application Log Content

  NSM:Flow NetFlow/sFlow for odd egress to Internet from mgmt plane → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: MgmtPorts TrustedAdmins

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1190 (149)

All 149 rules on the technique page →

T1528 Steal Application Access Token primary impact

• DET0515 Detection Strategy for T1528 - Steal Application Access Token
  AN1423 Containers

  Access and retrieval of container service account tokens followed by unauthorized API requests using those tokens to interact with the Kubernetes API server or internal services.

  kubernetes:audit GET or LIST requests to /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ followed by access to the Kubernetes API server → DC0055 File Access

  Tunable: TimeWindow UserContext
  AN1424 IaaS

  Token retrieval from instance metadata endpoints such as AWS IMDS or Azure IMDS, followed by API usage using the obtained token from non-standard applications.

  AWS:CloudTrail GetInstanceIdentityDocument or IMDSv2 token requests → DC0083 Cloud Service Enumeration

  AWS:CloudTrail Use of temporary credentials issued from IMDS access → DC0069 Cloud Service Modification

  Tunable: UserAgent TimeWindow
  AN1425 Identity Provider

  Unusual OAuth app registration followed by user-granted OAuth tokens and subsequent high-privilege resource access via those tokens.

  azure:audit App registrations or consent grants by abnormal users or at unusual times → DC0038 Application Log Content

  Tunable: ConsentScope AppUserRatio
  AN1426 Office Suite

  Use of OAuth tokens by third-party apps to access user mail, calendar, or SharePoint resources where the token was granted recently or via spearphishing.

  m365:unified App-only or delegated access patterns where client_id != known enterprise apps → DC0025 Cloud Storage Access

  Tunable: ClientAppIDAllowList AccessVolumeThreshold
  AN1427 SaaS

  Programmatic access to user content via stolen access tokens in platforms like Slack, GitHub, Google Workspace — especially from new IPs, apps, or excessive resource access.

  saas:googleworkspace Access via OAuth credentials with unusual scopes or from anomalous IPs → DC0002 User Account Authentication

  saas:slack OAuth token use by unknown app client_id accessing private channels or files → DC0038 Application Log Content

  Tunable: GeoVelocity OAuthScopeSensitivity

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1528 (14)