Coverage › CVE-2023-3519

CVE-2023-3519 Mapped Sigma

Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway Code Injection Vulnerability

Vendor / product

Citrix — NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway

Description (CISA)

Citrix NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway contains a code injection vulnerability that allows for unauthenticated remote code execution.

Added to KEV

2023-07-19

Due date

2023-08-09

Required action

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Known ransomware use

Known

CWE

CWE-94

CISA notes

https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX561482/citrix-adc-and-citrix-gateway-security-bulletin-for-cve20233519-cve20233466-cve20233467
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3519

Elsewhere

cve.org · NVD · CISA KEV · JSON

ATT&CK techniques · CTID Mappings Explorer, ATT&CK 16.1, KEV snapshot 2025-07-28

4 mapping objects across 4 techniques. exploitation technique states how the vulnerability is exploited; primary and secondary impact state what exploitation achieves. They are different claims and are labelled as such.

Detection chain · ATT&CK Enterprise v19.2 detection strategies, analytics, log sources

T1087.002 Domain Account secondary impact

• DET0129 Domain Account Enumeration Across Platforms
  AN0363 Windows

  Adversary enumeration of domain accounts using net.exe, PowerShell, WMI, or LDAP queries from non-domain controllers or non-admin endpoints.

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=1 → DC0032 Process Creation

  WinEventLog:PowerShell EventCode=4103, 4104, 4105, 4106 → DC0064 Command Execution

  NSM:Flow LDAP Bind/Search → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: CommandLinePattern TimeWindow SourceHost
  AN0364 Linux

  Domain account enumeration using ldapsearch, samba tools (e.g., 'wbinfo -u'), or winbindd lookups.

  auditd:SYSCALL execve → DC0032 Process Creation

  linuxsyslog nslcd or winbind logs → DC0064 Command Execution

  NSM:Flow LDAP Query → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: ProcessName LDAPSearchFilter UserContext
  AN0365 macOS

  Domain group and user enumeration via dscl or dscacheutil, or queries to directory services from non-admin endpoints.

  macos:unifiedlog Process Execution → DC0032 Process Creation

  macos:unifiedlog DS daemon log entries → DC0064 Command Execution

  Tunable: CommandPattern EndpointRole

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1087.002 (21)

All 21 rules on the technique page →

T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer primary impact

• DET0060 Detect Ingress Tool Transfers via Behavioral Chain
  AN0165 Windows

  Unusual or uncommon processes initiate network connections to external destinations followed by file creation (tools downloaded).

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=3, 22 → DC0082 Network Connection Creation

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=11 → DC0039 File Creation

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=1 → DC0032 Process Creation

  Tunable: ParentProcessName DestinationIPCategory FilePathRegex
  AN0166 Linux

  Shell-based tools (curl, wget, scp) initiate connections to external domains followed by creation of executable files on disk.

  auditd:SYSCALL connect, execve, write → DC0064 Command Execution

  auditd:SYSCALL file creation/modification → DC0039 File Creation

  iptables:LOG TCP connections → DC0078 Network Traffic Flow

  Tunable: ToolName DownloadExtension
  AN0167 macOS

  Process execution of curl or wget followed by a network connection and a file created in temporary or user-specific directories.

  macos:endpointsecurity ES_EVENT_TYPE_NOTIFY_EXEC → DC0032 Process Creation

  macos:unifiedlog file write/create → DC0039 File Creation

  macos:unifiedlog connection open → DC0082 Network Connection Creation

  Tunable: DirectoryTargeted ProcessPath
  AN0168 ESXi

  Command line interface or vCLI triggers remote transfer using wget or curl, writing files into datastore paths or local tmp directories.

  esxi:hostd command execution → DC0064 Command Execution

  esxi:vmkernel file write → DC0039 File Creation

  Tunable: ToolName DatastorePath
  AN0169 Network Devices

  Network device logs show anomalous inbound file transfers or uncharacteristic flows with high payload volume to network devices with storage or automation hooks.

  NSM:Flow connection metadata → DC0078 Network Traffic Flow

  snmp:syslog firmware write/log event → DC0039 File Creation

  Tunable: PayloadVolumeThreshold ProtocolUsed

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1105 (87)

All 87 rules on the technique page →

T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application exploitation technique

• DET0080 Exploit Public-Facing Application – multi-signal correlation (request → error → post-exploit process/egress)
  AN0219 Windows

  Adversary sends crafted HTTP/S (or other service) input to an Internet-facing app (IIS/ASP.NET, API, device portal). Chain: (1) abnormal request patterns to public endpoint → (2) elevated 4xx/5xx or unusual methods/paths → (3) server process (w3wp.exe/other service) spawns shell/LOLbins or loads non-standard modules → (4) optional outbound callback from the host/container.

  ApplicationLog:IIS IIS W3C logs in C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\W3SVC* (spikes in 5xx, RCE/SQLi/path traversal/JNDI patterns) → DC0038 Application Log Content

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=1 → DC0032 Process Creation

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=7 → DC0016 Module Load

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=3, 22 → DC0082 Network Connection Creation

  Tunable: PublicVIPs SuspiciousPatterns ErrorRateThreshold TimeWindow AllowedChildList
  AN0220 Linux

  Adversary exploits Apache/Nginx/app servers. Chain: (1) suspicious requests in access logs → (2) spike of 5xx or WAF blocks → (3) web server or interpreter (apache2/nginx/php-fpm/node/python) spawns /bin/sh, curl, wget, socat, or writes webshell → (4) outbound callback.

  ApplicationLog:WebServer /var/log/httpd/access_log, /var/log/apache2/access.log, /var/log/nginx/access.log with exploit indicators and burst errors → DC0038 Application Log Content

  auditd:SYSCALL execve → DC0032 Process Creation

  NSM:Flow HTTP payloads with SQLi/LFI/JNDI/deserialization indicators → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: WebProcList ChildToolList BurstThreshold TimeWindow
  AN0221 macOS

  Adversary targets macOS-hosted public services (e.g., nginx, node). Chain: suspicious inbound request → service crash/5xx → service spawns shell or writes file → new outbound connection.

  macos:unifiedlog App/web server logs ingested via unified logging or filebeat (nginx/apache/node). → DC0038 Application Log Content

  macos:unifiedlog exec events where web process starts a shell/tooling → DC0032 Process Creation

  NSM:Flow outbound egress from web host after suspicious request → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: ServiceList TimeWindow
  AN0222 Containers

  Adversary exploits containerized app via ingress or service. Chain: (1) suspicious request in ingress/app logs → (2) container process spawns a shell/exec/sidecar (kubectl exec/docker exec) → (3) egress to Internet or metadata service (169.254.169.254).

  ApplicationLog:Ingress Kubernetes NGINX/Envoy ingress controller logs with anomalous payloads and 5xx spikes → DC0038 Application Log Content

  docker:events Docker/Kubernetes audit of exec/attach (kubectl exec) or unexpected child processes inside container → DC0032 Process Creation

  NSM:Flow Requests towards cloud metadata or command & control from pod IPs → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: IngressNamespaces MetadataEndpoints TimeWindow
  AN0223 IaaS

  Adversary targets cloud-hosted public endpoints. Chain: (1) ALB/ELB/Cloud LB logs show exploit-like inputs or error spikes → (2) workload spawns shell or reaches metadata API → (3) egress to new external hosts.

  ALB:HTTPLogs AWS ALB/ELB/GCP/Azure Application Gateway HTTP logs with unusual methods, long URIs, serialized payloads, 4xx/5xx bursts → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  AWS:VPCFlowLogs VPC/NSG flow logs for pod/instance egress to Internet or metadata → DC0078 Network Traffic Flow

  Tunable: LBProjects ErrorBurst
  AN0224 ESXi

  Adversary exploits exposed OpenSLP on ESXi or vCenter public endpoints. Chain: inbound request pattern to mgmt service → hostd/vpxd error/crash/restart → unexpected process behavior or datastore access → outbound callback.

  esxi:hostd /var/log/hostd.log anomalies (faults, crashes, restarts) around inbound connections → DC0038 Application Log Content

  NSM:Flow Connections to TCP 427 (SLP) or vCenter web services from untrusted sources → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: MgmtCIDR TimeWindow
  AN0225 Network Devices

  Adversary exploits public admin services on routers/firewalls/switches. Chain: anomalous HTTP/SNMP/SmartInstall inputs → device syslog errors/restarts → config changes/CLI spawn → egress to attacker C2.

  networkdevice:controlplane Syslog from edge devices with HTTP 500s on mgmt portal, SmartInstall events, unexpected CLI commands → DC0038 Application Log Content

  NSM:Flow NetFlow/sFlow for odd egress to Internet from mgmt plane → DC0085 Network Traffic Content

  Tunable: MgmtPorts TrustedAdmins

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1190 (149)

All 149 rules on the technique page →

T1574 Hijack Execution Flow exploitation technique

• DET0218 Detection Strategy for Hijack Execution Flow across OS platforms.
  AN0609 Windows

  Unusual modifications to service binary paths, registry keys, or DLL load paths resulting in alternate execution flow. Defender observes registry key modifications, suspicious file writes into system directories, and processes loading libraries from abnormal paths.

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=1 → DC0032 Process Creation

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=7 → DC0016 Module Load

  WinEventLog:Security EventCode=4657 → DC0063 Windows Registry Key Modification

  WinEventLog:Sysmon EventCode=11 → DC0039 File Creation

  Tunable: ServiceBaseline AllowedDllPaths TimeWindow
  AN0610 Linux

  Adversary manipulation of shared library paths, environment variables, or replacement of service binaries. Defender observes suspicious modifications in /etc/ld.so.preload, service config changes, or file writes replacing existing executables.

  auditd:SYSCALL open/write syscalls targeting /etc/ld.so.preload or binaries in /usr/bin → DC0061 File Modification

  linux:syslog Service restart with modified executable path → DC0041 Service Metadata

  linux:osquery Process execution with LD_PRELOAD or modified library path → DC0032 Process Creation

  Tunable: MonitoredDirectories EnvVarMonitors
  AN0611 macOS

  Abuse of DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES or hijacking framework paths for malicious libraries. Defender observes processes invoking abnormal dylibs, modified plist files, or persistence entries pointing to altered binaries.

  macos:unifiedlog Execution of process with DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES set → DC0032 Process Creation

  macos:unifiedlog Modified application plist or binary replacement in /Applications → DC0061 File Modification

  macos:unifiedlog Dylib loaded from abnormal location → DC0016 Module Load

  Tunable: AllowedDylibPaths PlistMonitors

Sigma rules tagged attack.t1574 (8)